CHRISTMAS 2008

IN DESCRIBING the time and the empire into which Jesus of Nazareth was born, a famous historian had this to say regarding religion and the state: "The various modes of worship, which prevailed in the Roman world, were all considered by the people, as equally true; by the philosopher, as equally false; and by the magistrate, as equally useful."
"And thus," wrote Edward Gibbon in his classic 18th-century account of the Roman Empire's decline and fall, "toleration produced not only mutual indulgence, but even religious concord."

Americans today have a much less jaundiced view of religion than did Gibbon, who wrote in his final chapter, "I have described the triumph of barbarism and religion." But in its civic arrangements, this country has come, over time, to adopt some of the more beneficial elements of such a "Roman" view of church, state and belief, especially in the areas of toleration and mutual indulgence. True, there is still constant friction over numerous issues, from aiding church schools to public prayer to zoning for suburban megachurches. And especially at Christmastime, the past half-century has brought hundreds of disputes: over displays of creches, crosses and even menorahs, among other things.

Yet on this most symbolic day, it seems to us that there's been a lessening of these tensions in recent years, a growing spirit of "concord" that encourages believers of all sorts -- and nonbelievers as well -- to make what they will of this season in particular and to share in its universal sentiments.

More than one argumentative village atheist has pointed out that Christmas probably doesn't just happen to come at the same time of year as the pagan solstice festivals, and of course it does have some of the trappings of those ancient winter observances. But there's also an element of charity, compassion and companionship in Christmas that can take it to a different level. It has to do with giving, not only to family but to friends and strangers, and with reaching out to others. This is a reflection, no doubt, of the holiday's spiritual side, but it has meaning to just about everyone, regardless of religion. In this cold season, when increasing numbers of people are out of work, wondering how to pay for heat and food and seeking to get through a rough period, there's a greater need for it than there has been in years, whether you call it Christmas spirit or simply peace on Earth, good will to all.